海洋产业金融缺口测量及成因分析

论文对海洋产业中存在的金融供不应求现象进行研究,通过戈登·史密斯的金融结构变迁理论和涉海上市公司财务数据定量化测算我国海洋经济中的金融缺口量及其变化态势,发现2007年至2013年变化呈现多阶段性。该缺口所呈现波动中逐年扩大的特点,既有随着宏观经济状况、政策同步变化的原因,更有着深层次的经济根源原因。论文结合市场在解决海洋产业特点及海洋金融供需双方特点,提出海洋金融补贴方式改进和海洋金融生态优化的政策建议,以期解决海洋产业中出现的金融缺口。     

我国乡村生态旅游发展中的政府行为研究

乡村生态旅游作为一种新的旅游业态,在乡村旅游中注重生态环境与产业的可持续发展,对农民增收与农村环境保护有重要的促进作用。但目前国内大部分地区对于乡村生态旅游,从概念上到操作上仍然是十分模糊的,这在很大程度上限制了政府对旅游项目有效管理。文章研究认为,乡村生态旅游具有一定公共物品属性,完全依靠市场调节是远远不够的,在不同地区和不同阶段都需要政府介入,但政府行为应当结合具体阶段特征采取适宜策略。政府应通过乡村旅游试点项目的实施,对其有效性、效率、影响和可持续性进行科学的监测和评价;将能力建设同具体的项目操作有机地结合起来,促进乡村生态旅游项目实施效果和效率的提高;应尽量减少行政干预,通过经济宏观调控,强化规划引领、市场监管和公共服务提供。总之,在乡村生态旅游发展中,政府应该有所为有所不为,扮演好主导、扶持与服务的角色。     

基于Logistic模型的东北地区粮食生产能力影响因素研究——以宾县为例

[目的]粮食生产能力关系到粮食供给和国家粮食安全,如何提高粮食生产能力是我国亟待解决的问题。文章以宾县为例,通过一定的方法探索粮食生产能力的影响机制,最终提出提高粮食生产能力的合理建议。[方法]利用农户调查数据,借助Logistic模型探讨自然因素和社会经济因素对粮食生产能力的影响特点。[结果](1)品种技术推广、作物收益对粮食生产能力的影响效应在1%水平上达到显著;(2)生育期变化、土地质量、旱灾、耕作方式对粮食生产能力的影响效应在5%水平上达到显著;(3)温度、降水、冷害及农业生产资料投入对粮食生产能力的影响效应在10%水平上达到显著;(4)温度与降水是否集中在生育期内、出售情况、农业引导政策对粮食生产能力的影响不显著。[结论]针对研究结果,该文提出,可从预防低温冷害、健全水利设施、完善耕地保护制度及加强农业基础设施建设等方面提高粮食生产能力。     

Assessing recreation carrying capacity of the environment attributes based on visitors’ willingness to pay

Recreation carrying capacity (RCC) is one of the most important indictors used in measuring the usage limits for the forest park resources. However, the consensus has not been reached with respect to the RCC’s content and its measuring metrics. In this paper, we attempt to establish a new RCC theoretical framework based on the demand theory of the tourism product characteristics. In the process, the choice experiment and orthogonal design methods are used in questionnaire designs and the conditional Logit model is used for parameter estimates. More than 700 park visitors are surveyed for data collection at the Shenyang National Forest park of Liaoning province in China. The primary park attributes being considered encompass vegetation, coverage, water quality, number of rubbish on the park trail path, admission fees, and congestion. The carrying capacity threshold for each specific attribute is identified.     

绿色资源整合能力、漂绿行为与企业绩效——恶性竞争的调节中介作用

本文以漂绿行为为中介变量，恶性竞争为调节变量，构建了绿色资源整合能力对企业绩效影响的概念模型。通过实证研究发现：绿色资源整合能力对漂绿行为有负向影响；漂绿行为在绿色资源整合能力和企业绩效间有部分中介作用；恶性竞争正向调节漂绿行为在绿色资源整合能力和企业绩效关系中的中介作用。     

The importance of farmer education in South Australia

There is a significant challenge involved with balancing food security at local and global levels whilst mitigating the environmental and social consequences of the historically productivist agri-food system. This work will address the importance of education in the South Australian agricultural sector as a tool to maximise beneficial outcomes. The results of a blended method research project, which involved farmers and governance stakeholders in South Australia, are presented as empirical evidence highlighting the positive roles that formal education, in particular university education, have in regard to increasing sustainability. It was found that higher levels of formal education contributed to farmers being more likely to prioritise the socio-environmental outcomes of their agricultural land use. There was also a dramatic reduction in farmer concerns with government support mechanisms as education levels went from secondary or less, through to vocational qualifications, and finally university degrees. Interviews with agricultural governance stakeholders emphasised the role of education in building the adaptive capacity of farmers, and the subsequent positive outcomes for the future development of the South Australian agricultural industry. These results suggest that further education provides farmers with the capacity to compete effectively in a liberalised economy.     

Adaptive capacity to technological change: A microfoundational approach

Research summary> : W e take a microfoundational approach to understanding the origin of heterogeneity in firms' capacity to adapt to technological change. We develop a computational model of individual‐level learning in an organizational setting characterized by interdependence and ambiguity. The model leads to organizational outcomes with the canonical properties of routines: constancy, efficacy, and organizational memory. At the same time, the process generating these outcomes also produces heterogeneity in firms' adaptive capacity to different types of technological change. An implication is that exploration policy in the formative period of routine development can influence a firm's capacity to adapt to change in maturity. This points to a host of strategic trade‐offs, not only between performance and adaptive capacity, but also between adaptive capacities to different forms of change . Managerial summary : W hy are firms differentially effective at adapting to technological change? We argue that firms differ in the adaptive capacity of the routines that underlie their capabilities. These differences arise well before change occurs, and result because firms build routines that are differentially responsive to signals of performance decline associated with technological change. Thus, early managerial efforts to build superior productive efficiency must be complemented by efforts to build superior adaptive capacity. Our theory suggests that managers can prepare for technological change by implementing policies, in the formative period of organizational development, that promote individuals' exploration of novel actions. However, there are trade‐offs because preparation aimed at building adaptive capacity to one type of technological change may limit adaptive capacity to other types of change . Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Unpacking systemic innovation capacity as strategic ambidexterity: How projects dynamically configure capabilities for agricultural innovation

Problems in agriculture and land use are increasingly recognised as complex, uncertain, operating at multiple levels (field to global value chains) and involving social, economic, institutional, and technological change. This has implications for how projects navigate complexity to achieve impact. However, few studies have systematically evaluated how project actors engage with other actors to configure capabilities and resources across multiple levels in agricultural innovation systems (AIS), from the individual to the network, to mobilise and build systemic innovation capacity. An analytical framework conceptualising the nested configuration of capabilities at multiple levels in the AIS is applied to two projects that successfully tackled agricultural and land management problems of differing complexity: (i) improving lamb survival; and (ii) sustainable land management in New Zealand. Findings indicate that innovation capacity constitutes project actors interacting with other AIS actors to configure capabilities and resources at different levels of the AIS in order to leverage positive project path dependencies and break path dependencies that are created by existing and historical capability configurations. Project actors also balance exploiting existing innovation capabilities, as well as using adaptive capability for exploring and creating new capability configurations to respond to emerging circumstances. This implies that projects should have strategic ambidexterity in terms of how they combine exploiting existing and exploring new networks to access, combine, create, or disconnect certain capabilities to address ‘capability voids’ in AIS. This requires support to projects to constantly scrutinise, through reflexive monitoring by dedicated facilitators, specific agriculture and land use policies connected to major sustainable development models (e.g. climate smart agriculture, urban farming, smart farming). The can help assess whether the AIS provides the right mix of capabilities and whether this is adequately supported by innovation policy, to realize transformative policy objectives.     

安徽省土地承载力研究

为服务土地管理实践,从耕地人口承载力、建设用地人口承载力的角度研究了安徽省及各市县的土地承载力,还从生态环境承载量的角度研究了建设用地最大量。研究结果表明,安徽省建设用地还有很大挖潜空间。按人均100m2计算,安徽省及各市建设用地人口承载水平在20%~40%之间。多元回归结果表明,区域常住人口、土地总面积对建设用地人口承载水平的影响显著。但GDP、人均GDP和二三产业占比对建设用地人口承载力的影响不显著。利用GIS的研究表明,在扣除生态必需用地后,安徽省建设用地生态适宜量为36 847km2,超过目前的建设用地总面积。耕地人口承载力研究结果表明,安徽省目前的耕地面积能满足全省常住人口粮食需求,但各市县差别很大。若不提高单产,在耕地面积不断减少的情况下,安徽省到2020年可能会面临粮食缺口。     

企业如何利用社会网络提升吸收能力

在知识经济的背景下,吸收能力被认为是企业提升绩效和增强创新的战略能力.社会网络被认为可以对潜在的吸收能力和实现的吸收能力都产生积极影响.本文从社会网络的关系层面,从外部和内部两个视角,分别阐述了社会网络如何影响吸收能力的两个维度.本文还从提升吸能力的视角,提出了有效构建和维护社会网络的措施.